युद्ध लूट का माल:अल्लाह की देन

War Booty 

A very important aspect of Quran is the booty (called Ganimat or Anfaal) collected from Infidels or Kaafirs in Jihad or what is termed as ‘holy war’. Its importance can be gauged from the fact that one complete chapter, chapter 8 named Sura – Anfaal, deals with the matter.

In Quran, Allah ordains the prophet that the war booty is lawful. The booty includes not only the movable and immovable property of the hapless infidels but also their women and children. They automatically belong to the muslims. the women can be taken as concubines after their husbands have been killed. The term used for such women is ‘ma malkat aymanukum’, loosely translated as ‘what your right hand possess’. The Quran translation by Farooq Khan and Ahmed Khan uses the term ‘Laundi’ for such women.

The plunder belongs to Allah and his prophet

8:1

يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنفَالِ ۖ قُلِ الْأَنفَالُ لِلَّـهِ وَالرَّسُولِ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ۖ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّـهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

[८:१] नीरज अत्री
ऐ नबी लोग तुमसे युद्ध लूट (अन्फाल) के संबंध में प्रश्न पूछते हैं. उनसे कह दो "युद्ध लूट अल्लाह और उसके रुसूल की हैं". इसलिए अल्लाह से डरो और आपस के भेद भाव सुलझा लो. अल्लाह और उसके रुसूल का कहा मानो यदि तुम मुसलमान हो तो.

[8:1] Ahmed Raza Khan

They ask you O dear Prophet (Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) concerning the war booty; say, “Allah and the Noble Messenger are the owners of the war booty; so fear Allah and maintain friendship among yourselves; and obey Allah and His Noble Messenger, if you have faith."

[8:1] Pickthall

They ask thee (O Muhammad) of the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war belong to Allah and the messenger, so keep your duty to Allah, and adjust the matter of your difference, and obey Allah and His messenger, if ye are (true) believers.

[8:1] Yusuf Ali

They ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war. Say: "(such) spoils are at the disposal of Allah and the Messenger: So fear Allah, and keep straight the relations between yourselves: Obey Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe."

Since Allah has approved plunder, hence it is perfectly valid.

8:69

فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

[८:६९] नीरज अत्री

इसलीये उसका आनंद, वैध और उचित समझ कर उठाओ, जो तुम्हें युद्ध की लूट के रूप में मिला है.  अल्लाह गफूर (क्षमाशील) और रहीम  (दयावान) है.

[8:69] Ahmed Raza Khan

Therefore benefit from the booty you have received, lawful and good; and keep fearing Allah; indeed Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.

[8:69] Pickthall

Now enjoy what ye have won, as lawful and good, and keep your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

[8:69] Yusuf Ali

But (now) enjoy what ye took in war, lawful and good: but fear Allah: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.

20% of the plunder belongs to the prophet and the rest can be distributed among the Mujahids.

8:41

 

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّـهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ آمَنتُم بِاللَّـهِ وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَاللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

[८:४१] नीरज अत्री 

और जान लो कि युद्ध लूट में जो भी तुम्हें प्राप्त हो, उसमें से पांचवां भाग अल्लाह, उसके रुसूल और उसके प्रियजनों, अनाथों, गरीबों, मुसाफिरों  का है, यदि तुम अल्लाह पर और उसपर विश्वास करते हो जो हमने अपने गुलाम (मोहम्मद) के निमित्त उस दिन भेजा जिस दिन दो सेनाएं मिली थीं (बद्र के हमले में). अल्लाह सब कुछ कर सकता है.

[8:41] Ahmed Raza Khan

And know that whatever you take as war booty, a fifth of that belongs to Allah and His Noble Messenger, and to relatives, and orphans, and the needy, and the traveller – if you have accepted faith in Allah and what We sent down to Our bondman on the decisive day – the day when two armies had met; and Allah is Able to do all things.

[8:41] Pickthall

And know that whatever ye take as spoils of war, lo! a fifth thereof is for Allah, and for the messenger and for the kinsman (who hath need) and orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, if ye believe in Allah and that which We revealed unto Our slave on the Day of Discrimination, the day when the two armies met. And Allah is Able to do all things.

[8:41] Yusuf Ali

And know that out of all the booty that ye may acquire (in war), a fifth share is assigned to Allah,- and to the Messenger, and to near relatives, orphans, the needy, and the wayfarer,- if ye do believe in Allah and in the revelation We sent down to Our servant on the Day of Testing,- the Day of the meeting of the two forces. For Allah hath power over all things.

In February of 628 A.D., the prophet is said to have had a dream in which he went to Kaaba temple in Makka. Till this time it had not been converted into a mosque as it is now. It contained about 360 idols of different Gods and Goddesses. His companions, who had also not visited Kaaba for last six years started enthusiastically. The neighbouring Bedouin tribes declined to go along with them. Perhaps it was the lack of any attraction like spoils of war due to which they did not accompany the prophet. The prophet and his followers were prevented to enter Makka by the the local residents. As a result, they performed the rites at a small place Hudaibiya, near Makka. The prophet was angry with the tribes which had refused to participate in the pilgrimage, they were not allowed to participate in next attack, as a punishment for refusing the prophet.

48:15

سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَىٰ مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعْكُمْ ۖ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يُبَدِّلُوا كَلَامَ اللَّـهِ ۚ قُل لَّن تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَٰلِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّـهُ مِن قَبْلُ ۖ فَسَيَقُولُونَ بَلْ تَحْسُدُونَنَا ۚ بَلْ كَانُوا لَا يَفْقَهُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا

[४८:१५] नीरज अत्री

जब तुम लूट का माल लाने के लिए निकलोगे तो जो पीछे छोट गए हैं कहेंगे,"हमें भी अपने साथ ले चलो". वो अल्लाह के कहे को झुठलाना चाहता है. उन से कह दो,"अल्लाह ने पहले ही आदेश कर दिया है कि तुम हमारे पीछे नहीं चलोगे". इसके पश्चात वो कहेंगे,"नहीं तुम हम से जलते हो". नहीं , वो तो थोड़ा सा ही समझते हैं.

[48:15] Ahmed Raza Khan

Those who had stayed behind will now say, “When you go to receive the war booty, let us also go with you”; they wish to change the Words of Allah; say “You shall never come with us – this is already decreed by Allah”; so they will now say, “But rather you envy us”; in fact they never understood except a little.

[48:15] Pickthall

Those who were left behind will say, when ye set forth to capture booty: Let us go with you. They fain would change the verdict of Allah. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye shall not go with us. Thus hath Allah said beforehand. Then they will say: Ye are envious of us. Nay, but they understand not, save a little.

[48:15] Yusuf Ali

Those who lagged behind (will say), when ye (are free to) march and take booty (in war): "Permit us to follow you." They wish to change Allah's decree: Say: "Not thus will ye follow us: Allah has already declared (this) beforehand": then they will say, "But ye are jealous of us." Nay, but little do they understand (such things).

Allah will give large plunder to the participants of Jihad.

48:19-21

وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا

وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّـهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـٰذِهِ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَ النَّاسِ عَنكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ آيَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَاطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا

وَأُخْرَىٰ لَمْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّـهُ بِهَا ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرًا

[४८:१९] नीरज अत्री

और अपार युद्ध लूट की सम्पदा जिस पर वे (मुसलमान) कब्ज़ा   (अधिकार) करेंगे. अल्लाह सब से शक्तिशाली और बुद्धिमान है. 
[४८:२०] नीरज अत्री  
अल्लाह का तुम से वायदा  (प्रण) है कि तुम्हें ढेरों युद्ध लूट पर कब्ज़ा  (अधिकार) प्राप्त होगा, और शीघ्र ही प्राप्त होगा. उसने तुम से शत्रुओं का हाथ रोक लिया है और ये तुम्हारे लिए एक संकेत है कि अल्लाह तुम्हें उचित मार्ग ही दिखाएगा.
 [४८:२१] नीरज अत्री 
तथा बहुत से और भी, जिनका अभी तुम्हें सामर्थ्य प्राप्त नहीं है. अल्लाह तो सब का स्वामी है और वो सब कुछ कर सकता है. 
 

[48:19] Ahmed Raza Khan

And plenty of war booty, to take; and Allah is Most Honourable, Wise.

[48:20] Ahmed Raza Khan

Allah has promised you plenty of booty which you will take, and has bestowed this to you quickly, and restrained peoples’ hands from you; and in order that it may be a sign for the believers, and to guide you on the Straight Path.

[48:21] Ahmed Raza Khan

And one more, not within your capacity, is within Allah’s hold; and Allah is Able to do all things.

[48:19] Pickthall

And much booty that they will capture. Allah is ever Mighty, Wise.

[48:20] Pickthall

Allah promiseth you much booty that ye will capture, and hath given you this in advance, and hath withheld men's hands from you, that it may be a token for the believers, and that He may guide you on a right path.

[48:21] Pickthall

And other (gain), which ye have not been able to achieve, Allah will compass it, Allah is Able to do all things.

[48:19] Yusuf Ali

And many gains will they acquire (besides): and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom.

[48:20] Yusuf Ali

Allah has promised you many gains that ye shall acquire, and He has given you these beforehand; and He has restrained the hands of men from you; that it may be a Sign for the Believers, and that He may guide you to a Straight Path;

[48:21] Yusuf Ali

And other gains (there are), which are not within your power, but which Allah has compassed: and Allah has power over all things.

The following verses refer to a jewish tribe (Bani Quraiza) which was plundered by prophet and his followers. About 800 captive males were beheaded on command of the prophet. Their property, women and children were distributed among Muslims. Prophet took his share and one Jewish beauty (named Rehana) as his concubine.

33:26,27

وَأَنزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُم مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا ﴿٢٦﴾ وَأَوْرَثَكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ وَدِيَارَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَرْضًا لَّمْ تَطَئُوهَا ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرًا ﴿٢٧﴾

[३३:२६] नीरज अत्री

और वो अहले किताब (यहूदी), जो काफिरों की सहायता कर रहे थे, अल्लाह ने उन्हें उनके दुगों से गिरा दिया और उन के ह्रदय में आतंक बैठा दिया. उनके एक गुट की तुमने हत्या कर दी और एक गुट को बंदी बना लिया.
[३३:२७] नीरज अत्री
 और उसने तुम्हें उनके घरों का, उनकी भूमि का, उन के वैभव का स्वामी बना दिया और उस भूमि का भी जिस पर तुमने अभी तक पाँव भी नहीं रखा है. अल्लाह सब कुछ कर सकता है.


[33:26] Ahmed Raza Khan

And He brought down from their forts, the People given the Book(s) who had supported them, and instilled awe into their hearts – you slay a group among them and another group you make captive.

[33:27] Ahmed Raza Khan

And He bequeathed you their lands and their houses and their wealth, and land that you have not yet set foot upon; and Allah is Able to do all things.

[33:26] Pickthall

And He brought those of the People of the Scripture who supported them down from their strongholds, and cast panic into their hearts. Some ye slew, and ye made captive some.

[33:27] Pickthall

And He caused you to inherit their land and their houses and their wealth, and land ye have not trodden. Allah is ever Able to do all things.

[33:26] Yusuf Ali

And those of the People of the Book who aided them - Allah did take them down from their strongholds and cast terror into their hearts. (So that) some ye slew, and some ye made prisoners.

[33:27] Yusuf Ali

And He made you heirs of their lands, their houses, and their goods, and of a land which ye had not frequented (before). And Allah has power over all things.