Women as War Booty
On the following verse is the tradition of marrying upto four women based.
4:3
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا
[४:३] नीरज अत्री
और यदि तुम्हें आशंका हो कि तुम अनाथ लड़कियों से ठीक व्यवहार नहीं कर पाओगे तो अपनी इच्छानुसार किन्हीं अन्य दो, तीन अथवा चार से निकाह कर लो. किन्तु यदि तुम्हे लगे कि तुम उचित व्यवहार नहीं कर पाओगे तो केवल एक से करो, अथवा उन से जो तुम्हारी बंधक और गुलाम हैं.
[4:3] Ahmed Raza Khan
And if you fear that you will not be just towards orphan girls, marry the women whom you like – two at a time, or three or four; then if you fear that you cannot keep two women equally then marry only one or the bondwomen you own; this is closer to your not doing injustice.
[4:3] Pickthall
And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; and if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.
[4:3] Yusuf Ali
If ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice.
The following verses instruct Muslims to use women taken from Kaafirs during Jihad. The prophet had himself taken two young beautiful girls into his harem after their husbands were killed on his instruction. These two girls, Saffiya and Juwairiyaa, aged 17 and 20 were taken by prophet when he was past 55 years of age. It is said that he married these poor widows out of compassion.
4:24 – 25
وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۖ كِتَابَ اللَّـهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَاءَ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَن تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُم مُّحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ ۚ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُم بِهِ مِن بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُم مِّن فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ۚ وَاللَّـهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِكُم ۚ بَعْضُكُم مِّن بَعْضٍ ۚ فَانكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّـهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
[४:२४] नीरज अत्री
उनके अतिरिक्त जो तुम्हारे दायें हाथ में हैं (बंदी तथा गुलाम), तुम्हारे लिए विवाहित स्त्रियाँ वर्जित हैं. अन्य सभी तुम्हारे लिए हलाल (वैध) हैं यदि तुम उनसे, अपनी संपत्ति में से मेहर दे कर निकाह न कि व्यभिचार करना चाहो. मेहर निश्चित हो जाने के पश्चात यदि तुम चाहो तो सम्मति से उस में (मेहर में) परिवर्तन ला सकते हो; अल्लाह सब जानता है और समझता है.
[४:२५] नीरज अत्री
और तुम में से जिन के पास इतना धन नहीं है कि वो मुसलमान महिलाओं से निकाह कर सकें, वो अपनी दायें हाथ में आई गुलाम और बंधकों महिलाओं में से उस से निकाह कर लें जो मुसलमान हैं. अल्लाह तुम्हारे दीन को पहचानता है. तुम सब परस्पर एक ही हो इसलिए निकाह के लिए उनके स्वामियों अथवा औलिया से अनुमति ले लो. और उन्हें (गुलाम अथवा बंधकों को) उचित मेहर दो, वे व्यभिचार करने वाली न हों, सुशील हों और उनके अन्य पुरुषों से संबंध न हों. निकाह होने के उपरान्त यदि वो अवैध रूप से शारीरिक संबंध स्थापित करें तो उनका दंड, मुक्त महिलाओं की तुलना में आधा होगा. ये उनके लिए है जो अपने दीन अथवा शरीर की हानि नहीं चाहते. यदि वे संयम रखें तो बेहतर है. अल्लाह क्षमा करने वाला और दयालु है.
[4:24] Ahmed Raza Khan
And all married women are forbidden for you except the wives of disbelievers who come into your possession as bondwomen; this is Allah’s decree for you; and other than these, all women are lawful for you so that you seek them in exchange of your wealth in proper wedlock, not adultery; therefore give the women you wish to marry, their appointed bridal money; and after the appointment (of bridal money) there is no sin on you if you come to a mutual agreement; indeed Allah is All Knowing, Wise.
[4:25] Ahmed Raza Khan
And whoever among you does not have in marriage free, believing women due to poverty, should marry from the believing bondwomen you own; and Allah knows well your faith; you are from one another; therefore marry them with the permission of their masters, and give them their bridal money according to custom, they becoming (faithful) wives, not committing mischief or secretly making friends; so when they are married and commit the shameful, for them is half the punishment prescribed for free women; this is for one among you who fears falling into adultery; and to practice patience is better for you; and Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.
[4:24] Pickthall
And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
[4:25] Pickthall
And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
[4:24] Yusuf Ali
Also (prohibited are) women already married, except those whom your right hands possess: Thus hath Allah ordained (Prohibitions) against you: Except for these, all others are lawful, provided ye seek (them in marriage) with gifts from your property,- desiring chastity, not lust, seeing that ye derive benefit from them, give them their dowers (at least) as prescribed; but if, after a dower is prescribed, agree Mutually (to vary it), there is no blame on you, and Allah is All-knowing, All-wise.
[4:25] Yusuf Ali
If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah hath full knowledge about your faith. Ye are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This (permission) is for those among you who fear sin; but it is better for you that ye practise self-restraint. And Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
The prophet had special previliges regarding women. He could pick and chose at his own discretion. At this time he had nine wives in his harem besides concubines.
33:50
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالَاتِكَ اللَّاتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَةً مُّؤْمِنَةً إِن وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَن يَسْتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَّكَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۗ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
تُرْجِي مَن تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَن تَشَاءُ ۖ وَمَنِ ابْتَغَيْتَ مِمَّنْ عَزَلْتَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكَ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَن تَقَرَّ أَعْيُنُهُنَّ وَلَا يَحْزَنَّ وَيَرْضَيْنَ بِمَا آتَيْتَهُنَّ كُلُّهُنَّ ۚ وَاللَّـهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَلِيمًا حَلِيمًا
لَّا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِن بَعْدُ وَلَا أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رَّقِيبًا
[३३:५०] नीरज अत्री
ऐ नबी!(मोहम्मद) हम ने तुम्हारे लिए तुम्हारी वो पत्नियां वैध कर दी हैं जिन के मेहर तुम दे चुके हो और वो महिलायें जो तुम्हारे दायें हाथ में हैं और अल्लाह ने दी हैं (बंधक और गुलाम). और तुम्हारे लिए वैध हैं तुम्हारे चाचा की बेटियाँ, तुम्हारे ताऊ की बेटियाँ, तुम्हारी बुआ की बेटियाँ, तुम्हारे मामा की बेटियाँ, तुम्हारी मौसी की बेटियाँ जो तुम्हारे साथ मक्का से आई हैं. और यदि कोई मुसलमान महिला अपने को नबी के लिए देना चाहे तो यदि नबी चाहे तो उस से निकाह कर ले. ये केवल नबी का विशेष अधिकार है और अन्यअ मुसलामानों के लिए नहीं है. तुम्हें कोई समस्या न आये, इसके लिए हम ने मुसलामानों के लिए उनकी पत्नियां और जो उनके दायें हाथ में हैं, उनके लिए वैध की हैं. अल्लाह क्षमा करने वाला और दयालु है.
[33:50] Ahmed Raza Khan
O Herald of the Hidden! We have indeed made lawful for you the wives to whom you have paid their bridal money, and the bondwomen you possess whom Allah gave you as war booty, and the daughters of your paternal uncles, and the daughters of your paternal aunts, and the daughters of your maternal uncles, and the daughters of your maternal aunts, those who migrated with you; and the believing woman if she gifts her life to the Prophet, if the Prophet desires to take her in marriage; this is exclusively for you, not for your followers; We indeed know what We have enjoined upon the Muslims concerning their wives and the bondwomen they possess – this exclusivity for you is so that you may not have constraints; and Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.
[33:51] Ahmed Raza Khan
Put back in the order whom you wish among them and give your proximity to whomever you wish; and if you incline towards one whom you had set aside, there is no sin upon you in it; this command is closer to their eyes remaining soothed and not grieving, and all of them remaining happy with whatever you give them; and Allah knows what is in the hearts of you all; and Allah is All Knowing, Most Forbearing.
[33:52] Ahmed Raza Khan
Other women are not permitted for you after these, nor that you change them for other wives even if their beauty pleases you except the bondwomen whom you possess; and Allah is the Guardian over all things.
[33:51] Pickthall
Thou canst defer whom thou wilt of them and receive unto thee whom thou wilt, and whomsoever thou desirest of those whom thou hast set aside (temporarily), it is no sin for thee (to receive her again); that is better; that they may be comforted and not grieve, and may all be pleased with what thou givest them. Allah knoweth what is in your hearts (O men), and Allah is ever Forgiving, Clement.
[33:52] Pickthall
It is not allowed thee to take (other) women henceforth, nor that thou shouldst change them for other wives even though their beauty pleased thee, save those whom thy right hand possesseth. And Allah is ever Watcher over all things.
[33:51] Yusuf Ali
Thou mayest defer (the turn of) any of them that thou pleasest, and thou mayest receive any thou pleasest: and there is no blame on thee if thou invite one whose (turn) thou hadst set aside. This were nigher to the cooling of their eyes, the prevention of their grief, and their satisfaction - that of all of them - with that which thou hast to give them: and Allah knows (all) that is in your hearts: and Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.
[33:52] Yusuf Ali
It is not lawful for thee (to marry more) women after this, nor to change them for (other) wives, even though their beauty attract thee, except any thy right hand should possess (as handmaidens): and Allah doth watch over all things.
The apologists try to justify that these references are not for concubinage or sex slavery but these women are just ordinary servants.
Are they to be used for sexual gratification? Read on.
23:५-6
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ
إِلَّا عَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ
[२३:५] नीरज अत्री
और वो जो अपनी शुद्धता (अर्थात अवैध शारीरिक संबंधों से अपने गुप्त अंग) की रक्षा करते हैं
[२३:६] नीरज अत्री
अपनी पत्नियों और अपने दायें हाथ में आई महिलाओं के अतिरिक्त अन्य महिलाओं से, तो उन्हें दोषी नहीं माना जाएगा.
[23:5] Ahmed Raza Khan
And who guard their private organs.
[23:6] Ahmed Raza Khan
Except from their wives or the legal bondwomen that they possess, for then there is no blame upon them.
[23:5] Pickthall
And who guard their modesty -
[23:6] Pickthall
Save from their wives or the (slaves) that their right hands possess, for then they are not blameworthy,
[23:5] Yusuf Ali
Who abstain from sex,
[23:6] Yusuf Ali
Except with those joined to them in the marriage bond, or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (in their case) they are free from blame,
Lest someone forgets, the message is repeated.
70:29-30
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ
إِلَّا عَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ
[७०:२९] नीरज अत्री
और वो जो अपनी शुद्धता (अर्थात अवैध शारीरिक संबंधों से अपने गुप्त अंग) की रक्षा करते हैं
[२३:६] नीरज अत्री
अपनी पत्नियों और अपने दायें हाथ में आई महिलाओं के अतिरिक्त अन्य महिलाओं से, तो उन्हें दोषी नहीं माना जाएगा.
[70:29] Ahmed Raza Khan
And those who protect their private organs (from adultery).
[70:30] Ahmed Raza Khan
Except with their wives and the bondwomen in their possession, for there is no reproach on them.
[70:29] Pickthall
And those who preserve their chastity
[70:30] Pickthall
Save with their wives and those whom their right hands possess, for thus they are not blameworthy;
[70:29] Yusuf Ali
And those who guard their chastity,
[70:30] Yusuf Ali
Except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (then) they are not to be blamed,
The expenditure on women should be compensated.
60:11
وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَيْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَآتُوا الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَاجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَا أَنفَقُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ الَّذِي أَنتُم بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ
[६०:११] नीरज अत्री
और यदि तुम्हारी कोई पत्नी काफिरों के पास चली गयी है और इस के बाद यदि तुम्हारे अधिकार में दूसरइ ओर की महिला आ जाए तो जिन की पत्नियां चली गयी हैं, उन्हें उचित मेहर लौटाओ. और अल्लाह से डरो जिसमें तुम विश्वास करते हो.
[60:11] Ahmed Raza Khan
And if some women go away from the Muslims to the disbelievers – then when you punish the disbelievers, give from the war booty to the Muslims who lost their wives the amount they had spent; and fear Allah in Whom you believe.
[60:11] Pickthall
And if any of your wives have gone from you unto the disbelievers and afterward ye have your turn (of triumph), then give unto those whose wives have gone the like of that which they have spent, and keep your duty to Allah in Whom ye are believers.
[60:11] Yusuf Ali
And if any of your wives deserts you to the Unbelievers, and ye have an accession (by the coming over of a woman from the other side), then pay to those whose wives have deserted the equivalent of what they had spent (on their dower). And fear Allah, in Whom ye believe.
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